Nestled in Jiangmen—a key city within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has recently begun official operation.

Located 700m underground, it is the world’s first large-scale next-generation neutrino experiment to be completed and put into use, marking a major milestone for China in the development of big-science infrastructure within the field of high-energy physics.

Neutrinos are among the most fundamental particles in nature. Often called ‘ghost particles’, they can pass effortlessly through the entire Earth while barely interacting with any matter.

JUNO is designed to capture data from reactor neutrinos, which will drive cutting-edge neutrino research. It will also detect geoneutrinos, solar neutrinos, and supernova neutrinos—opening new windows into the study of Earth’s interior, solar processes, and extreme astrophysical phenomena.