China’s AI Plus initiative is a national strategy to accelerate the deep integration of artificial intelligence across the economy, society and governance, with the aim of building “New Quality Productive Forces” to support long-term growth. As part of this broader framework, a series of goals has been outlined across key sectors where AI is expected to drive structural transformation. This article is the first in a series examining each of these goals in turn.

Scientific Discovery and Innovation

At the core of the initiative is the ambition to strengthen scientific discovery and innovation through AI. China plans to equip researchers with advanced AI tools designed to accelerate breakthroughs and expand the frontiers of knowledge across disciplines.

Key measures include the development of scientific large models, the upgrading of major research infrastructure with AI capabilities, and the creation of open, shared, high-quality datasets to support interdisciplinary research. These foundations are intended to improve the speed, scale and coordination of scientific work.

The strategy reflects a broader shift in China’s growth model, as traditional drivers such as cheap labour, rapid urbanisation and property-led investment have lost momentum as China’s demographic profile continues to age. In their place, policymakers are prioritising productivity gains driven by technology, efficiency and innovation.

AI is seen as a force multiplier for this transition, with the potential to enhance research capability, reduce inefficiencies and accelerate the commercialisation of scientific breakthroughs. The initiative also highlights research into the relationship between humans and machines, with a focus on making it more collaborative and efficient.