China has launched a new space-air-ground integrated smart monitoring system to strengthen the detection of water pollution and support biodiversity conservation nationwide.

Developed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the system combines satellites, airborne remote sensing technology, drones, mobile monitoring vehicles and ground-based observation equipment to create a comprehensive environmental surveillance network.

At the heart of the initiative is a national water pollution inspection database that connects extensive monitoring points across the country. When satellites identify unusual changes in water quality, drones can be rapidly deployed to investigate affected areas and pinpoint potential pollution sources.

The system is also powered by advanced artificial intelligence. By analysing large volumes of historical environmental data, AI models can automatically detect signs of pollution in small and micro water bodies, including abnormal water colour changes. The findings are then fed back into the system, enabling continuous improvement of monitoring accuracy and response capabilities.